Air pollution is an emerging problem that needs to be solved especially in developed and developing countries. In Vietnam, air pollution is also a concerning issue in big cities such as Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh cities where air pollution comes mostly from vehicles such as cars and motorbikes. In order to tackle the problem, the paper focuses on developing a solution that can estimate the emitted PM2.5 pollutants by counting the number of vehicles in the traffic. We first investigated among the recent object detection models and developed our own traffic surveillance system. The observed traffic density showed a similar trend to the measured PM2.5 with a certain lagging in time, suggesting a relation between traffic density and PM2.5. We further express this relationship with a mathematical model which can estimate the PM2.5 value based on the observed traffic density. The estimated result showed a great correlation with the measured PM2.5 plots in the urban area context.
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水果苍蝇是果实产量最有害的昆虫物种之一。在AlertTrap中,使用不同的最先进的骨干功能提取器(如MobiLenetv1和MobileNetv2)的SSD架构的实现似乎是实时检测问题的潜在解决方案。SSD-MobileNetv1和SSD-MobileNetv2表现良好并导致AP至0.5分别为0.957和1.0。YOLOV4-TINY优于SSD家族,在AP@0.5中为1.0;但是,其吞吐量速度略微慢。
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Artificial Intelligence (AI) is having a tremendous impact across most areas of science. Applications of AI in healthcare have the potential to improve our ability to detect, diagnose, prognose, and intervene on human disease. For AI models to be used clinically, they need to be made safe, reproducible and robust, and the underlying software framework must be aware of the particularities (e.g. geometry, physiology, physics) of medical data being processed. This work introduces MONAI, a freely available, community-supported, and consortium-led PyTorch-based framework for deep learning in healthcare. MONAI extends PyTorch to support medical data, with a particular focus on imaging, and provide purpose-specific AI model architectures, transformations and utilities that streamline the development and deployment of medical AI models. MONAI follows best practices for software-development, providing an easy-to-use, robust, well-documented, and well-tested software framework. MONAI preserves the simple, additive, and compositional approach of its underlying PyTorch libraries. MONAI is being used by and receiving contributions from research, clinical and industrial teams from around the world, who are pursuing applications spanning nearly every aspect of healthcare.
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Stock and flow diagrams are already an important tool in epidemiology, but category theory lets us go further and treat these diagrams as mathematical entities in their own right. In this chapter we use communicable disease models created with our software, StockFlow.jl, to explain the benefits of the categorical approach. We first explain the category of stock-flow diagrams, and note the clear separation between the syntax of these diagrams and their semantics, demonstrating three examples of semantics already implemented in the software: ODEs, causal loop diagrams, and system structure diagrams. We then turn to two methods for building large stock-flow diagrams from smaller ones in a modular fashion: composition and stratification. Finally, we introduce the open-source ModelCollab software for diagram-based collaborative modeling. The graphical user interface of this web-based software lets modelers take advantage of the ideas discussed here without any knowledge of their categorical foundations.
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人类机器人相互作用(HRI)对于在日常生活中广泛使用机器人至关重要。机器人最终将能够通过有效的社会互动来履行人类文明的各种职责。创建直接且易于理解的界面,以与机器人开始在个人工作区中扩散时与机器人互动至关重要。通常,与模拟机器人的交互显示在屏幕上。虚拟现实(VR)是一个更具吸引力的替代方法,它为视觉提示提供了更像现实世界中看到的线索。在这项研究中,我们介绍了Jubileo,这是一种机器人的动画面孔,并使用人类机器人社会互动领域的各种研究和应用开发工具。Jubileo Project不仅提供功能齐全的开源物理机器人。它还提供了一个全面的框架,可以通过VR接口进行操作,从而为HRI应用程序测试带来沉浸式环境,并明显更好地部署速度。
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结构性健康监测(SHM)的一个主要问题是损害的预后和结构剩余使用寿命的定义。这两个任务都取决于许多参数,其中许多参数通常不确定。许多模型是针对上述任务开发的,但是它们是确定性的或随机的,只能考虑到结构的过去状态限制的能力。在当前的工作中,提出了一个生成模型,以预测结构的破坏演变。该模型能够在基于人群的SHM(PBSHM)框架中执行,以考虑到许多过去的结构状态,以在建模过程中纳入不确定性,并根据从结构中获取的数据产生潜在的损害进化结果。该算法在模拟的损伤演化示例上进行了测试,结果表明,它能够提供有关人群中结构剩余使用寿命的非常自信的预测。
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话语关系通过明确的内容以及生产者和口译员之间的共享或隐性知识来解释的想法在话语研究和语言学中无处不在。但是,尚不清楚论证词汇语义的实际贡献。我们提出了一种计算方法来分析PDTB语料库中的对比和特许关系。我们的作品阐明了词汇语义在多大程度上有助于信号的明确和隐式话语关系,并阐明了两者中不同部分的贡献。这项研究有助于弥合语料库语言学和计算语言学之间的差距,通过根据其论点的同义词和反义词提出透明和可解释的话语关系模型。
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无监督的异常检测和定位是至关重要的任务,因为不可能收集和标记所有可能的异常。许多研究强调了整合本地和全球信息以实现异常分割的重要性。为此,对变压器的兴趣越来越大,它允许对远程内容相互作用进行建模。但是,对于大多数图像量表而言,通过自我注意力的全球互动通常太贵了。在这项研究中,我们介绍了Haloae,这是第一个基于Halonet的局部2D版本的自动编码器。使用Haloae,我们创建了一个混合模型,该模型结合了卷积和局部2D块的自我发项层,并通过单个模型共同执行异常检测和分割。我们在MVTEC数据集上取得了竞争成果,表明结合变压器的视觉模型可以受益于自我发挥操作的本地计算,并为其他应用铺平道路。
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Systems Biology试图创建生物系统的数学模型,以减少固有的生物学复杂性,并为治疗性开发等应用提供预测。但是,确定哪种数学模型正确以及如何最佳地到达答案仍然是一个挑战。我们提出了一种使用系统生物学和可能性无推理方法的数学模型选择自动生物学模型选择的算法。我们的算法显示,在实验生物学和随机搜索中使用的常规启发式方法的先验信息中,在正确的模型中表现出了改善的性能。该方法显示有望加速生物基础科学和药物发现。
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Majorana示威者是一项领先的实验,寻找具有高纯净锗探测器(HPGE)的中性s中性双β衰变。机器学习提供了一种最大化这些检测器提供的信息量的新方法,但是与传统分析相比,数据驱动的性质使其不可解释。一项可解释性研究揭示了机器的决策逻辑,使我们能够从机器中学习以反馈传统分析。在这项工作中,我们介绍了Majorana演示者数据的第一个机器学习分析。这也是对任何锗探测器实验的第一个可解释的机器学习分析。训练了两个梯度增强的决策树模型,以从数据中学习,并进行了基于游戏理论的模型可解释性研究,以了解分类功率的起源。通过从数据中学习,该分析识别重建参数之间的相关性,以进一步增强背景拒绝性能。通过从机器中学习,该分析揭示了新的背景类别对相互利用的标准Majorana分析的重要性。该模型与下一代锗探测器实验(如传说)高度兼容,因为它可以同时在大量探测器上进行训练。
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